HPV-Related Cancers: Throat, Anal, and How to Prevent Them

published : Jan, 31 2026

HPV-Related Cancers: Throat, Anal, and How to Prevent Them

Most people don’t think of HPV as a cancer cause. They think of it as something that causes warts - maybe something you catch during sex, maybe something you brush off. But here’s the truth: HPV is behind nearly 48,000 new cancer cases in the U.S. every year. And the fastest-growing ones aren’t the ones you’ve heard about for decades. They’re throat and anal cancers - cancers that are rising in men, especially those over 40.

What HPV-Related Cancers Actually Look Like

HPV doesn’t just cause cervical cancer. It causes six types of cancer in total. The big three you need to know are cervical, oropharyngeal (throat), and anal cancer. Of these, throat cancer is now the most common HPV-linked cancer in men. In fact, about 70% of all throat cancers in the U.S. are caused by HPV - mostly type 16. That’s more than cervical cancer in men, and it’s rising fast.

Throat cancer from HPV doesn’t always show up like smoking-related throat cancer. You won’t always have a hoarse voice or a persistent cough. Instead, you might notice a lump in your neck, trouble swallowing, or ear pain that won’t go away. It often shows up in people who’ve never smoked or drunk heavily. That’s why it catches so many off guard.

Anal cancer is less common but still serious. It’s linked to HPV in over 90% of cases. Symptoms include bleeding, itching, pain, or a lump near the anus. It’s often mistaken for hemorrhoids - and that delay in diagnosis can be dangerous. Both throat and anal cancers are more common in men than women, especially among White men aged 40 to 60.

Women still face the highest risk of cervical cancer, but screening has cut those numbers dramatically. Throat and anal cancers? No routine screening exists. That means prevention - not detection - is the only real defense.

Why HPV Is So Dangerous - And So Common

HPV isn’t rare. It’s one of the most common viruses on the planet. About 80% of sexually active people will get it at some point. Most infections go away on their own. But in about 1 in 10 people, the virus sticks around. That’s when it starts changing cells - slowly, silently - until they turn cancerous. It can take 10 to 30 years.

The real villains are HPV types 16 and 18. Together, they cause 70% of cervical cancers and 85% of HPV-positive throat cancers. Gardasil-9, the vaccine used today, protects against nine types, including 16 and 18. That’s why it prevents 90% of HPV-related cancers.

But here’s the problem: people think HPV is only a women’s issue. It’s not. Men get HPV. Men spread it. And men are now getting the majority of HPV-related cancers. Yet, vaccination rates for boys still lag behind girls. In 2022, only 65% of U.S. teens got all their HPV shots. That’s not enough.

How Vaccination Stops Cancer Before It Starts

The HPV vaccine is one of the most effective cancer-prevention tools ever made. It’s not just safe - it’s been studied in over 100 million people worldwide. Side effects? Mostly a sore arm or a brief fever. No link to long-term health problems.

The CDC recommends the vaccine for all kids at age 11 or 12. That’s because the immune system responds best before exposure. But it’s not too late for older teens and young adults. Anyone under 26 should get it. For adults 27 to 45, talk to your doctor - it may still help, especially if you haven’t been exposed to many HPV types.

Two doses are enough if you start before 15. After 15, you need three. The vaccine doesn’t treat existing infections - it prevents new ones. That’s why getting it early matters so much.

Real-world results are clear. In Australia, where vaccination started in 2007, cervical precancers dropped by 85% in young women. In the U.S., high-grade cervical lesions in teen girls fell by 80% since the vaccine arrived. And in countries like Denmark and Sweden, HPV-related throat cancers are already starting to decline in younger men.

One study in Rhode Island showed that putting vaccines in schools raised vaccination rates from 53% to 84% in just six years. That led to a 22% drop in dangerous cervical cell changes. This isn’t theory - it’s working.

A man's throat illuminated by healing light as HPV virus transforms into harmless cells.

Why Vaccination Rates Are Still Too Low

So why aren’t more kids getting the vaccine?

Parents worry about safety. But surveys show only 28% of parents refuse because they think it’s unsafe. The rest? They don’t think it’s necessary. Or they forget. Or their doctor doesn’t push it.

Doctors play a huge role. If a provider says, “Your child needs the HPV vaccine today,” vaccination rates jump. But only 65% of doctors consistently recommend it as strongly as other teen vaccines. Too many say, “You can get it next time,” or “Let’s wait.” That delay costs lives.

Access is another issue. In rural areas, 32% fewer clinics offer the vaccine. In some places, it’s not stocked. In others, it’s too expensive without insurance. Even with the Vaccines for Children program, many families don’t know it exists.

And then there’s stigma. People think HPV means promiscuity. That’s false. HPV is like the common cold - you can get it from one partner, even after years of monogamy. The virus doesn’t judge. But society does. And that silence keeps people from talking, from vaccinating, from getting screened.

Screening: What Works and What Doesn’t

For cervical cancer, we have a solid system: HPV testing every five years, or Pap smears every three. That’s why cervical cancer rates have dropped by half since the 1970s.

But for throat and anal cancer? No screening exists. No test can catch early changes in the throat. No routine anal Pap test is recommended for the general public. That’s why vaccination is the only reliable shield.

There are exceptions. Men who have sex with men and people with weakened immune systems (like those with HIV) are sometimes screened for anal cancer. But that’s not the norm. And even then, the tests aren’t perfect.

The best move? Don’t wait for symptoms. Don’t wait for screening. Get vaccinated. It’s the only proven way to stop these cancers before they start.

Family dinner with a glowing vaccine shield protecting them from crumbling cancer cells.

The Cost of Waiting

HPV-related cancers aren’t just deadly - they’re expensive. The average cost to treat throat cancer is nearly $200,000. Anal cancer? Around $135,000. Many patients lose their jobs. Some need feeding tubes. Others lose their voice permanently.

One man from Ohio, diagnosed with HPV-positive throat cancer at 48, told his story: “I couldn’t swallow for six months. I had a tube in my stomach. My voice is raspy now. My insurance covered most of it, but I still paid $127,000 out of pocket.”

That’s not an outlier. In 2022, HPV cancers cost the U.S. system $1.3 billion. And that doesn’t include lost wages, caregiving, or emotional toll.

Compare that to the vaccine: two or three shots, under $250 total. Often free with insurance. No recovery time. No scars. No feeding tubes.

What You Can Do Right Now

  • If you’re a parent: Get your child vaccinated at 11 or 12. Don’t wait. It’s not about sex - it’s about cancer prevention.
  • If you’re 13-26: If you haven’t been vaccinated, call your doctor. It’s not too late.
  • If you’re 27-45: Talk to your provider. You might still benefit, especially if you’ve had few partners or never been vaccinated.
  • If you’re a woman 25-65: Get screened for cervical cancer. HPV test every five years is best.
  • If you’re a man: Don’t assume you’re safe. Talk to your doctor about HPV and your risk. Ask about the vaccine.

HPV doesn’t care about your gender, your income, or your relationship status. It only cares if your body is unprotected. The tools to stop it exist. The question is - will we use them?

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you get HPV from someone who doesn’t show symptoms?

Yes. Most people with HPV have no symptoms at all. They can still pass the virus to others through skin-to-skin contact during sex. That’s why vaccination is so important - it protects you even if you or your partner don’t know you’re infected.

Is the HPV vaccine only for girls?

No. The vaccine is for everyone. Boys and men can get HPV-related cancers too - especially throat and anal cancer. Vaccinating boys helps protect them and reduces spread to future partners. It’s not just a girls’ vaccine - it’s a cancer-prevention tool for all.

Can you get HPV even if you’ve only had one partner?

Absolutely. HPV is extremely common. You can get it from your first partner, even if they’ve never had another partner. It doesn’t mean anything about your behavior - it just means the virus is widespread and easy to catch.

Do I still need Pap tests if I got the HPV vaccine?

Yes. The vaccine doesn’t protect against all HPV types, and it doesn’t clear existing infections. Screening is still needed for women aged 25-65. The vaccine prevents cancer; screening catches early changes before they become cancer.

Is the HPV vaccine safe for adults over 26?

It’s not routinely recommended, but it may still help for people 27-45 who haven’t been exposed to many HPV types. Talk to your doctor. If you’ve had few partners or never been vaccinated, the benefits may outweigh the risks.

Can HPV cause cancer in people who never had sex?

It’s extremely rare. HPV spreads through intimate skin contact, usually during sexual activity. Non-sexual transmission (like through towels or surfaces) isn’t proven to cause cancer. The main route is sexual contact, so prevention focuses on vaccination and screening.

Comments (14)

Donna Macaranas

Wow, I never realized HPV was behind so many throat cancers. I always thought it was just about warts and cervical stuff. My dad got diagnosed last year at 52 - never smoked, never drank. Scary how silent this stuff can be.

Lisa Rodriguez

I’m a nurse and I’ve seen too many patients delay because they thought ‘it’s not my problem’ - especially guys. The vaccine is free at most clinics if you’re under 26. Just go. One shot could save you years of hell.

Bob Cohen

Yeah right, because nothing says ‘progress’ like forcing 11-year-olds to get a vaccine for a virus they won’t even encounter for another decade. My kid’s not getting it until they’re old enough to consent - and not because I’m anti-vax, just anti-pushy parenting.

Naomi Walsh

Let’s be honest - this is just another corporate-backed public health theater. The real reason HPV rates are rising? Poor hygiene standards, overuse of antibiotics, and the collapse of natural immunity through sanitized modern life. Vaccines don’t fix systemic decay.

Aditya Gupta

My cousin got the shot at 24. No issues. Just a sore arm. Now he’s chill. Why wait till you’re 40 and panic? Do it now. Easy.

Jaden Green

Interesting how the article conveniently ignores the fact that the HPV vaccine has been linked to autoimmune disorders in over 300 documented cases in VAERS - and yet mainstream media refuses to report it. This isn’t prevention, it’s pharmaceutical control disguised as public health. The data they cite? Funded by Merck. Need I say more?


And let’s not pretend this vaccine is 90% effective - that’s lab data under ideal conditions. Real-world? People still get infected. The real solution is abstinence education and moral accountability, not chemical injections for children.


Also, why are we vaccinating boys for a ‘women’s issue’? The logic is flawed. If HPV is so common, why not just teach safe sex and let nature take its course? We’ve become a society that fears biology instead of understanding it.


And don’t get me started on the anal cancer screening gap - if they’re so worried, why not fund research instead of pushing shots? It’s easier to inject than to educate.


I’ve read the WHO reports. I’ve seen the studies. The long-term data? Still incomplete. We’re playing God with kids’ immune systems based on projections. That’s not science - it’s ideology dressed in a lab coat.

Nidhi Rajpara

As a medical researcher from India, I must emphasize that HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer is rising alarmingly in South Asia, particularly among men aged 40–55 who consume betel nut and tobacco. The vaccine is underutilized here due to misinformation and lack of awareness. Public health campaigns must be culturally tailored - not just copied from Western guidelines. Education, not fear, is the key.


Also, the claim that HPV is ‘like the common cold’ is misleading. While common, its oncogenic potential is not comparable. The virus integrates into DNA and triggers malignant transformation - a process that requires persistent infection, not casual exposure. This distinction matters for public messaging.


Furthermore, the article overlooks the role of oral hygiene and microbiome health in modulating HPV clearance. Studies from Chennai and Mumbai show that regular use of antiseptic mouthwashes reduces viral persistence by 40%. This should be part of prevention strategy alongside vaccination.


Finally, while vaccination rates in the U.S. are low, in countries like Rwanda and Bhutan, over 90% of girls and boys are vaccinated through school-based programs. The solution is not debate - it’s implementation. Policy, not persuasion, saves lives.


Let us not confuse cultural stigma with medical reality. HPV is not a moral issue. It is a biological one. And biology does not apologize for its existence.

Jamie Allan Brown

I’m a GP in London and I’ve been pushing this vaccine for years. Parents say, ‘He’s not sexually active yet.’ I say, ‘Neither was my patient at 12 when he got it - and now he’s cancer-free at 28.’


It’s not about sex. It’s about timing. The immune system responds best before exposure. That’s biology, not morality.


And yes, men need this too. My brother got throat cancer at 46. No smoking. No drinking. Just HPV. He lost his voice. He still can’t eat normally. Don’t wait for a lump.

Nancy Nino

It is imperative that we recognize the profound public health implications of under-vaccination against HPV-related malignancies - particularly in populations where access to healthcare is inequitably distributed. The data are unequivocal: vaccination prevents cancer. To delay or refuse is to knowingly expose individuals to preventable suffering.


Moreover, the assertion that this is a ‘gendered’ issue is not only scientifically inaccurate but socially dangerous. Cancer does not discriminate by genitalia - nor should our prevention strategies.


Let us not mistake societal discomfort for medical legitimacy. The vaccine is safe. The evidence is robust. The cost of inaction is measured in lives - and in billions of dollars.

Nicki Aries

I’m so glad someone finally said this. My daughter got her shots at 11. I had to fight my own mom - she said, ‘That’s for prostitutes.’ I said, ‘No, it’s for your granddaughter’s future.’ She cried. I cried. We got it done.


And now? My 14-year-old son got his too. No hesitation. No stigma. Just science.


Stop acting like this is about sex. It’s about not watching your kid choke on a feeding tube at 30.

Ed Di Cristofaro

My cousin’s brother got throat cancer at 38. He didn’t even know he had HPV. Now he’s got a feeding tube and can’t kiss his wife. Don’t be that guy. Get the shot. It’s not hard.

Angel Fitzpatrick

Let’s talk about the real elephant in the room - the HPV vaccine is part of a globalist agenda to implant microchips via immunization programs. The ‘sore arm’? That’s the nano-transmitter activating. The ‘90% efficacy’? A lie. The real side effects are neurological - memory loss, mood swings, chronic fatigue - but the CDC buries the data in proprietary databases.


And don’t even get me started on the ‘Vaccines for Children’ program. It’s a Trojan horse. They target low-income families first - because they’re easier to control. The fact that Australia’s rates dropped? Coincidence. The real decline came after they banned fluoridated water.


Read the original Merck patent filings. They admit the vaccine’s efficacy is based on antibody titers - not actual cancer prevention. It’s a placebo wrapped in a lab coat.


Wake up. This isn’t medicine. It’s mind control with a syringe.

Lilliana Lowe

While the article correctly identifies the epidemiological trends, it fails to critically engage with the limitations of the Gardasil-9 clinical trial design - specifically, the use of surrogate endpoints (e.g., cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) rather than hard cancer outcomes. The 90% efficacy claim is extrapolated from short-term biomarker data, not longitudinal cancer incidence.


Furthermore, the assertion that ‘no screening exists’ for oropharyngeal cancer is misleading. Endoscopic screening with HPV DNA testing is currently under active investigation in multiple European cohort studies, including the UK’s HPV-SCREEN trial (NCT04834512), with preliminary results expected in 2025.


The economic argument - $250 versus $200,000 - is statistically sound but ethically reductive. It ignores the cost of over-vaccination in low-risk populations, including potential immune dysregulation and adverse event reporting burdens on pharmacovigilance systems.


While vaccination remains a reasonable public health strategy, the tone of this piece borders on alarmist. Nuance is not a weakness; it is the hallmark of evidence-based medicine.

Jamie Allan Brown

Just read Lilliana’s comment. She’s right - we need more nuance. But here’s the thing: even if the vaccine’s long-term cancer prevention is still being tracked, we’ve already seen a 90% drop in genital warts since 2007. That’s real. That’s measurable. And if we’re preventing warts, we’re preventing the virus that causes cancer.


Waiting for perfect data is how people die.

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about author

Angus Williams

Angus Williams

I am a pharmaceutical expert with a profound interest in the intersection of medication and modern treatments. I spend my days researching the latest developments in the field to ensure that my work remains relevant and impactful. In addition, I enjoy writing articles exploring new supplements and their potential benefits. My goal is to help people make informed choices about their health through better understanding of available treatments.

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